rivas-martinezii occurs physically close to D. malenconianum is an obligate lichenicolous lichen onĭ. diacapsis during their first growth stages, while in mature Represent an optimal system for investigating the strategies used to share phycobionts becauseĪcarospora spp. The selected community was composed of Acarospora nodulosa, Acarospora placodiiformis,ĭiploschistes diacapsis, Rhizocarpon malenconianum and Diplotomma rivas-martinezii. This study analyses the interactions among crustose and lichenicolous lichens growing on gypsumīiocrusts. This phylogenetic placement and the relationships of Cheiromycina with other lichenized hyphomycetous taxa are here discussed. Our results revealed that the genus Cheiromycina is found within the family Malmideaceae (Lecanorales) where members formed a monophyletic clade sister to the genera Savoronala and Malmidea. flabelliformis, the type species for the genus, C. Here we inferred the phylogenetic placement of Cheiromycina using three loci (nuSSU, nuLSU, and mtSSU) representing C. The relationships of members of Cheiromycina with other fungi are not known. Congeners in Cheiromycina are characterized by a noncorticate thallus, nearly immersed in the substrate and presenting powdery unpigmented sporodochia, and containing chlorococcoid photobionts. The genus includes species from boreal to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere where it is found growing on bark or wood. The genus Cheiromycina is one of the few genera of lichenized hyphomycetes for which no sexual reproductive stages have been observed. stalactiticum has a C− thallus with stipitate, white, C+ red sporodochia the species is known only from a single locality in Tenerife, on a large slope with volcanic boulders. hibernicum by a thicker, more compact, beige rather than white, more strongly C+ red thallus, growing below sheltered rock overhangs in dry forests T. galapagoense, known only from Galapagos, differs from T. In addition to the corticolous Tylophoron hibernicum, confined to humid forests, two saxicolous species with Blarneya-type sporodochia are described here as new: T. A key to all currently accepted species of Tylophoron is provided. Ascomata are not known from these entirely anamorphic thalli, whereas they do occur infrequently in Tylophoron species with Blarneya-type sporodochia. moderatum: besides thalli with ascomata this species has anamorphic thalli with an irregularly delimited brown sporodochial felt and brown conidia. A different anamorphic type was previously reported from Tylophoron, and this is confirmed here by molecular analysis for T. This represents a surprising variety of morphologically different conidiomata. In one specimen pycnidia were also observed. This conclusion is further supported by the discovery of Tylophoron-type ascomata emerging directly from thalli with Blarneya-type sporodochia and producing identical hyaline conidia. The molecular phylogeny derived from sequences obtained from sporodochia of Blarneya places this genus, described to accommodate an anamorphic lichen with white cushion-shaped sporodochia, within Tylophoron. Based on morphological, anatomical, chemical, ecological and molecular evidence, Blarneya is synonymized here with Tylophoron.
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